{"id":159057,"date":"2021-07-21T11:43:16","date_gmt":"2021-07-21T09:43:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bandelin.com\/?post_type=docs&#038;p=159057"},"modified":"2021-07-21T11:43:18","modified_gmt":"2021-07-21T09:43:18","password":"","slug":"sonokemiens-historiske-udvikling","status":"publish","type":"docs","link":"https:\/\/bandelin.com\/da\/docs\/wissen\/historische-entwicklung-der-sonochemie\/","title":{"rendered":"Sonokemiens historiske udvikling"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"product\"><div class=\"product\">\n<p>Forskningen i ultralyd begyndte i 1920'erne. I denne periode skete der meget, ikke kun politisk og kulturelt - mange nye ideer blev ogs\u00e5 omsat til praksis inden for videnskaben. Det mest kendte eksempel er nok kvantemekanikken, den revolutionerende fysik i mikroverdenen, som stadig bestemmer vores forestillinger om atomverdenens struktur i dag. Men i 1927 udgav en ret ukendt kemiker ved navn Alfred L. Loomis ogs\u00e5 en unders\u00f8gelse om \"Fysiske og biologiske effekter af h\u00f8jfrekvente lydb\u00f8lger\". Heri rapporterede Loomis og hans kollega Wood for f\u00f8rste gang, at ultralyd kan \u00f8del\u00e6gge bakterier. I en anden artikel fra samme \u00e5r beskrev Loomis og hans kollega Richards derefter mange grundl\u00e6ggende f\u00e6nomener, som ultralyd s\u00e6tter i gang i opl\u00f8sninger, faste stoffer og rene v\u00e6sker. For eksempel viste Loomis' unders\u00f8gelser, at ultralyd fremskynder spredningen af kviks\u00f8lv samt flokkuleringen af s\u00f8lvklorid, hydrolysen af dimethylsulfat og den reaktion, der er kendt som \"joduret\". Den beskrev ogs\u00e5 afgasning af v\u00e6sker og det faktum, at ultralyd s\u00e6nker v\u00e6skers kogepunkt. Efter dette pionerarbejde blev andre forskere ogs\u00e5 interesserede i mulige anvendelser af ultralyd. Biologer var is\u00e6r interesserede i den effekt, som akustiske lydb\u00f8lger har p\u00e5 bakterier, vira og andre sm\u00e5 organismer. Man opdagede ikke kun, at n\u00e6sten alle bakterier let kan dr\u00e6bes med ultralyd, men ogs\u00e5 at det kan bruges til at bryde celler op, f.eks. for at udvinde visse stoffer. Kemikere studerede derimod hovedsageligt ultralyds virkning p\u00e5 uorganiske kemiske reaktioner, for det meste i simple (s\u00e5kaldt homogene) systemer i vandige opl\u00f8sninger. P\u00e5 det tidspunkt havde de enkelte forskningsgrupper dog meget forskelligt konstruerede apparater, som ofte varierede meget med hensyn til effekt, frekvens og intensitet. Men da disse faktorer kan v\u00e6re afg\u00f8rende for en bestemt kemisk effekt, var der ofte divergerende resultater i disse tidlige dage af ultralydsforskningen, og det var sv\u00e6rt at generalisere. I 1950'erne og 1960'erne udviklede industrien de f\u00f8rste praktiske, kraftige homogenisatorer. Efterh\u00e5nden opstod der flere og flere anvendelsesmuligheder. De sp\u00e6ndte fra brug i plastsvejsning til materialetr\u00e6thedstest eller den underst\u00f8ttende effekt i krystalliseringen af smeltede metaller. Med den ledsagende produktion af kraftfulde og omkostningseffektive apparater voksede den videnskabelige interesse for ultralydsforskning igen. Is\u00e6r inden for kemi var der en veritabel ultralydsren\u00e6ssance, og der blev opdaget et stort antal reaktioner, der finder sted hurtigere og med st\u00f8rre udbytte under den katalytiske effekt af akustiske b\u00f8lger. I mellemtiden er det blevet et specialiseret omr\u00e5de i sig selv, \"SONOCHEMISTRY\", hvis repr\u00e6sentanter har m\u00f8dtes regelm\u00e6ssigt til deres internationale symposium siden 1986.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Yderligere l\u00e6sning:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Brown, B. og Goodman, J.E.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ultralyd med h\u00f8j intensitet - industrielle anvendelser<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Boudjouk, P.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Organisk kemi med ultralyd<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Weinheim; VCH Verlagsgesellchaft; 1983<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Boudjouk, P.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Syntese med ultralydsb\u00f8lger<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tidsskrift for kemisk uddannelse, Vol.63, No. 5, 427; 1986<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Kirk - Othmer:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Encyclopedia of chemical technology, Vol. 23, 462, 3. udgave; 1982<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Kuttruff, Heinrich<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ultralyds fysik og teknologi<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Stuttgart, Hirzel-Verlag; 1988<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ley, Steven V. og Caroline M.R. Low<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ultralyd i syntese<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Berlin, Heidelberg, New York; Springer-Verlag ; 1989<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Mason, T.J. og J.P. Lorimer<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Sonokemi<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Hemel Hempstead; Ellis Horwood Ltd; 1991<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Millner, Dr. Rudolf<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ultralydsteknologi: grundprincipper og anvendelser.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Weinheim, Physik-Verlag;1987<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Suslick, Kenneth S.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ultralyd<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Weinheim; VCH Verlagsgesellchaft; 1988<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Suslick, K.S.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>De kemiske virkninger af ultralyd<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Scientific American, s. 62, februar 1989<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>5119i\/2004-05<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Die Ultraschallforschung begann in den zwanziger Jahren des letzten Jahrhunderts. In dieser Zeit tat sich nicht nur politisch und kulturell eine ganze Menge -auch in der Wissenschaft wurden viele neue Ideen in die Praxis umgesetzt. Bekanntestes Beispiel ist wohl die Quantenmechanik, die revolution\u00e4re Physik der Mikrowelt, die bis heute unsere Vorstellungen vom Aufbau der atomaren [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"doc_category":[1926],"doc_tag":[],"class_list":["post-159057","docs","type-docs","status-publish","hentry","doc_category-wissen"],"acf":[],"year_month":"2026-10","word_count":553,"total_views":"65","reactions":{"happy":"0","normal":"0","sad":"0"},"author_info":{"name":"J Bandelin","author_nicename":"jobandelin","author_url":"https:\/\/bandelin.com\/da\/author\/jobandelin\/"},"doc_category_info":[{"term_name":"Grundlagenwissen Kavitation","term_url":"https:\/\/bandelin.com\/da\/docs-category\/wissen\/"}],"doc_tag_info":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Historische Entwicklung der Sonochemie | BANDELIN electronic GmbH &amp; Co. 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