{"id":159033,"date":"2021-07-21T09:15:23","date_gmt":"2021-07-21T07:15:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bandelin.com\/?post_type=docs&p=159033"},"modified":"2021-07-21T09:15:25","modified_gmt":"2021-07-21T07:15:25","password":"","slug":"generacion-de-ultrasonidos","status":"publish","type":"docs","link":"https:\/\/bandelin.com\/es\/docs\/wissen\/erzeugung-von-ultraschall\/","title":{"rendered":"Generaci\u00f3n de ultrasonidos"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Para generar los ultrasonidos se necesita un generador de alta frecuencia, que convierte la frecuencia normal de la red de 50 a 60 Hz en vibraciones de alta frecuencia de entre 20 y 40 kHz. A continuaci\u00f3n, los llamados transductores o transductores, que pueden instalarse, por ejemplo, debajo de la ba\u00f1era de limpieza, convierten estas vibraciones electromagn\u00e9ticas en vibraciones mec\u00e1nicas de la misma frecuencia. En pocas palabras, el transductor no es m\u00e1s que un sistema de resonancia que se estimula para que vibre mediante un suministro adecuado de energ\u00eda. Los transductores electroac\u00fasticos bien conocidos, como los tel\u00e9fonos o los altavoces, que funcionan en la gama de frecuencias audibles, fallan en la gama ultras\u00f3nica por diversas razones. Por ello, aqu\u00ed se utiliza el efecto piezoel\u00e9ctrico indirecto. Si se aplica una tensi\u00f3n el\u00e9ctrica a un material piezoel\u00e9ctrico, \u00e9ste reacciona con un aumento en la direcci\u00f3n longitudinal y con un acortamiento cuando se invierte la polaridad de la tensi\u00f3n. Esto permite convertir una oscilaci\u00f3n el\u00e9ctrica, en la que la polaridad de la tensi\u00f3n se invierte constantemente, en un movimiento mec\u00e1nico alterno.\u00a0
La cer\u00e1mica sinterizada de titanato de circonato de plomo (PZT) se utiliza para la fabricaci\u00f3n de dispositivos ultras\u00f3nicos de alto rendimiento, que tienen una eficacia superior al 90%.\u00a0
A bajas frecuencias de funcionamiento de los ultrasonidos, en la gama de 25 kHz, el efecto de limpieza mediante cavitaci\u00f3n es muy eficaz. Las burbujas de cavitaci\u00f3n pueden llegar a ser grandes (las fases de tensi\u00f3n y compresi\u00f3n duran m\u00e1s) y, por tanto, contener mucha energ\u00eda o liberarla cuando implosionan. En rangos de frecuencia comparativamente m\u00e1s altos, de 40 kHz, se obtiene un campo de burbujas de cavitaci\u00f3n m\u00e1s peque\u00f1as pero numerosas y se consigue una limpieza especialmente suave de las piezas sensibles.
Dependiendo del \u00e1mbito de aplicaci\u00f3n, hoy en d\u00eda se utilizan frecuencias de 25 kHz (limpieza a fondo en ingenier\u00eda mec\u00e1nica) y 40 kHz (piezas sensibles, por ejemplo de los sectores m\u00e9dico, \u00f3ptico y electr\u00f3nico).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

M\u00e1s informaci\u00f3n sobre la generaci\u00f3n de ultrasonidos mediante sonotrodos Homogeneizadores ultras\u00f3nicos, por ejemplo para la disrupci\u00f3n celular.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Zur Erzeugung von Ultraschall ben\u00f6tigt man einen Hochfrequenz-Generator, der die normale\u00a0Netzfrequenz von 50 – 60 Hz in hochfrequente Schwingungen zwischen 20 und 40 kHz\u00a0umwandelt. Sogenannte Schallwandler oder Schwinger, die z. B. unter dem Reinigungsbad angebracht\u00a0sein k\u00f6nnen, setzen dann diese elektromagnetischen Schwingungen in mechanische\u00a0Vibrationen gleicher Frequenz um. Einfach ausgedr\u00fcckt ist der Schallwandler nichts weiter als ein\u00a0Resonanzsystem, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"doc_category":[1926],"doc_tag":[],"class_list":["post-159033","docs","type-docs","status-publish","hentry","doc_category-wissen"],"acf":[],"year_month":"2026-10","word_count":265,"total_views":"92","reactions":{"happy":"0","normal":"0","sad":"0"},"author_info":{"name":"J Bandelin","author_nicename":"jobandelin","author_url":"https:\/\/bandelin.com\/es\/author\/jobandelin\/"},"doc_category_info":[{"term_name":"Grundlagenwissen Kavitation","term_url":"https:\/\/bandelin.com\/es\/docs-category\/wissen\/"}],"doc_tag_info":[],"yoast_head":"\nErzeugung von Ultraschall | BANDELIN electronic GmbH & Co. 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