{"id":159033,"date":"2021-07-21T09:15:23","date_gmt":"2021-07-21T07:15:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bandelin.com\/?post_type=docs&#038;p=159033"},"modified":"2021-07-21T09:15:25","modified_gmt":"2021-07-21T07:15:25","password":"","slug":"generation-des-ultrasons","status":"publish","type":"docs","link":"https:\/\/bandelin.com\/fr\/docs\/wissen\/erzeugung-von-ultraschall\/","title":{"rendered":"G\u00e9n\u00e9ration d'ultrasons"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"product\"><div class=\"product\">\n<p>Pour produire des ultrasons, il faut un g\u00e9n\u00e9rateur de haute fr\u00e9quence qui transforme la fr\u00e9quence normale du secteur de 50 \u00e0 60 Hz en vibrations \u00e0 haute fr\u00e9quence entre 20 et 40 kHz. Les transducteurs, qui peuvent par exemple \u00eatre plac\u00e9s sous le bain de nettoyage, transforment ensuite ces vibrations \u00e9lectromagn\u00e9tiques en vibrations m\u00e9caniques de m\u00eame fr\u00e9quence. En termes simples, le transducteur n'est rien d'autre qu'un syst\u00e8me de r\u00e9sonance qui, gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 un apport d'\u00e9nergie appropri\u00e9, est excit\u00e9 pour produire ses propres vibrations. Les transducteurs \u00e9lectroacoustiques connus, comme les t\u00e9l\u00e9phones ou les haut-parleurs, qui fonctionnent dans la gamme des fr\u00e9quences audibles, \u00e9chouent dans la gamme des ultrasons pour diverses raisons. On utilise donc ici l'effet pi\u00e9zo\u00e9lectrique indirect. Si l'on applique une tension \u00e9lectrique \u00e0 un mat\u00e9riau pi\u00e9zo\u00e9lectrique, celui-ci r\u00e9agit en s'agrandissant dans le sens de la longueur et en se raccourcissant lorsque la tension est invers\u00e9e. Cela permet de convertir une oscillation \u00e9lectrique, dans laquelle la polarit\u00e9 de la tension est constamment invers\u00e9e, en un mouvement m\u00e9canique alternatif.\u00a0<br>Des c\u00e9ramiques fritt\u00e9es en zirconate-titanate de plomb (PZT), dont le rendement est sup\u00e9rieur \u00e0 90%, sont utilis\u00e9es pour la fabrication d'appareils \u00e0 ultrasons de haute performance.\u00a0<br>Aux fr\u00e9quences de fonctionnement ultrasoniques basses, de l'ordre de 25 kHz, l'effet de nettoyage par cavitation est tr\u00e8s efficace. Les bulles de cavitation peuvent \u00eatre de grande taille (les phases de traction et de compression durent plus longtemps) et donc contenir ou lib\u00e9rer beaucoup d'\u00e9nergie lors de leur implosion. Dans des plages de fr\u00e9quences relativement plus \u00e9lev\u00e9es, de l'ordre de 40 kHz, on obtient un champ de bulles de cavitation plus petites, mais plus nombreuses, et on obtient un nettoyage particuli\u00e8rement doux des pi\u00e8ces sensibles.<br>Selon le domaine d'application, on travaille aujourd'hui avec des fr\u00e9quences de 25 kHz (nettoyage grossier dans la construction m\u00e9canique) et de 40 kHz (pi\u00e8ces sensibles, par exemple dans le domaine m\u00e9dical, optique et \u00e9lectronique).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/bandelin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Ultraschall_Schwinger-scaled.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/bandelin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Ultraschall_Schwinger-893x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-159034\"\/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Pour plus d'informations sur la g\u00e9n\u00e9ration d'ultrasons \u00e0 l'aide de sonotrodes, cliquez ici. <strong>Homog\u00e9n\u00e9isateurs \u00e0 ultrasons, par exemple pour la d\u00e9sint\u00e9gration des cellules.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Zur Erzeugung von Ultraschall ben\u00f6tigt man einen Hochfrequenz-Generator, der die normale\u00a0Netzfrequenz von 50 &#8211; 60 Hz in hochfrequente Schwingungen zwischen 20 und 40 kHz\u00a0umwandelt. Sogenannte Schallwandler oder Schwinger, die z. B. unter dem Reinigungsbad angebracht\u00a0sein k\u00f6nnen, setzen dann diese elektromagnetischen Schwingungen in mechanische\u00a0Vibrationen gleicher Frequenz um. Einfach ausgedr\u00fcckt ist der Schallwandler nichts weiter als ein\u00a0Resonanzsystem, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"doc_category":[1926],"doc_tag":[],"class_list":["post-159033","docs","type-docs","status-publish","hentry","doc_category-wissen"],"acf":[],"year_month":"2026-11","word_count":265,"total_views":"142","reactions":{"happy":"0","normal":"0","sad":"0"},"author_info":{"name":"J Bandelin","author_nicename":"jobandelin","author_url":"https:\/\/bandelin.com\/fr\/author\/jobandelin\/"},"doc_category_info":[{"term_name":"Grundlagenwissen Kavitation","term_url":"https:\/\/bandelin.com\/fr\/docs-category\/wissen\/"}],"doc_tag_info":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Erzeugung von Ultraschall | BANDELIN electronic GmbH &amp; Co. 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